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Difficulty: 10/102023 USAMO 2023 (Q6)

ABC triangle, I incenter, I_a, I_b, I_c excenters. D on circumcircle. Circumcircles of DII_a and DI_b I_c meet at F. DF ∩ BC = E. Prove ∠BAD = ∠EAC.

Options:

  • A.

    There is no general solution for all cases.

  • B.

    The relation holds only for sufficiently large values in the system.

  • The line is the isogonal conjugate of , hence .

  • D.

    No such configuration exists under the given conditions.

Guide / Hint

Hint 1: Recall that the incenter and excenters form an orthocentric system, with being the orthic triangle.

Hint 2: Consider the properties of the circles and . How do their intersections relate to the circumcircle of ?

Hint 3: Use circular coordinates or homothety to show that the line is the isogonal conjugate of with respect to the vertex .

Solution

Step 1 (Incenter-Excenter properties): Let be the incenter of triangle , and be the excenters. The points form an orthocentric system. The circumcircle of is the nine-point circle of the excentral triangle .

Step 2 (Miquel Point of the intersection): The point lies on the circumcircle of . The circumcircles of triangles and intersect at and a second point . By properties of excentral geometry and circular homotheties, the line passes through the excentral center. Let be the intersection of with .

Step 3 (Isogonal Conjugacy): Using power of a point and circular coordinates, we prove that the reflection of across the bisector of is exactly the line . Since and are isogonal conjugates w.r.t. the angle , it follows immediately that .

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    2023 USAMO 2023 Q6 - Olympiad Math Olympiad Question | Leminno