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Difficulty: 2/102024 NMTC 2024 (QII-25)

The tangents on the end points of diameter of circle are always ________.

Guide / Hint

Hint 1: Draw a circle with a diameter and tangents at its endpoints.

Hint 2: What is the angle between each tangent and the diameter?

Hint 3: If two lines are both perpendicular to the same line segment (the diameter), what is their relationship to each other?

Solution

Step 1 (Setup): Let be a diameter of a circle with center . Let line be the tangent at endpoint and line be the tangent at endpoint .

Step 2 (Perpendicularity of Tangents): By the radius-tangent perpendicularity theorem:

  • The tangent at is perpendicular to the radius (and hence perpendicular to the diameter ). Thus, .

  • The tangent at is perpendicular to the radius (and hence perpendicular to the diameter ). Thus, .

Step 3 (Parallel Lines Condition): Diameter acts as a transversal line cutting across lines and . Since both consecutive interior angles sum to (or alternate interior angles are equal to ):

Lines and must be parallel to each other.

Step 4 (Conclusion): The tangents are always parallel.

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    2024 NMTC 2024 QII-25 - Olympiad Math Olympiad Question | Leminno