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Difficulty: 3/102023 NMTC 2023 (QII-35)

The function f: R R defined by f(x) = 2x^2 + - 1 is ________.

Guide / Hint

Hint 1: Injectivity: Check if two different inputs can produce the same output (hint: solve to find two roots).

Hint 2: Surjectivity: Determine if the range of the quadratic function covers all real numbers. Note that it has a minimum vertex point, so it does not.

Hint 3: Conclude that it is neither injective (one-to-one) nor surjective (onto).

Solution

Step 1 (Analyze One-to-One / Injectivity): A function is one-to-one if .
For , this is a quadratic function represented by a parabola opening upwards.

  • If we find two points with the same output: and both give .

  • Since but , the function is not one-to-one.

Step 2 (Analyze Onto / Surjectivity): A function is onto if the range of the function is the entire set of real numbers .

  • For the parabola , the vertex represents the absolute minimum point:

  • The range of the function is strictly bounded below: . Since there are no real numbers that map to values below (e.g., has no real solution), the function is not onto.

Step 3 (Conclusion): The function is neither one-to-one nor ontoSurjective.

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    2023 NMTC 2023 QII-35 - Olympiad Math Olympiad Question | Leminno