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Difficulty: 4/102023 IOQM 2023 (Q9)

Find the number of triples (a, b, c) of positive integers such that (a) ab is prime; (b) bc is product of two primes; (c) abc is not divisible by square of any prime and (d) abc 30.

Guide / Hint

Hint 1: Start by analyzing the initial conditions and setting up the basic equations. ab is prime mean one of them is 1.

Hint 2: Look for algebraic properties, symmetry, or geometric theorems to simplify. abc  {4, 9, 25}.

Hint 3: Proceed with the final algebraic steps to solve the system. Case I : solve for the final value => is prime and bc prime product.

Solution

Step 1: ab is prime mean one of them is 1.

Step 2: abc  {4, 9, 25}

Step 3: Case I : = 1 => is prime and bc prime product

Step 4: => is prime

Step 5: => abc \le 30

Step 6: => bc \le 30 & bc  {4, 9, 25}

Step 7: => (b, c) are different prime

Step 8: => = {2, 3, 5, 7}

Step 9: c = {3, 5, 7} and \neq c. Then total number of cases = 14.

Step 10: Case II : When = 1 then possible values of (a, b, c) are (2, 1, 15), (3, 1, 10) and (5, 1, 6).

Step 11: Total number of ways = 14 + 3 = 17

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    2023 IOQM 2023 Q9 - Olympiad Math Olympiad Question | Leminno