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Difficulty: 4/102023 IOQM 2023 (Q11)

A positive integer has the property that m2 is expressible in the form 4n2 – 5n + 16 where is an integer (of any sign). Find the maximum possible value of |m – n|.

Guide / Hint

Hint 1: Start by analyzing the initial conditions and setting up the basic equations.  m2 = 4n2 – 5n + 16.

Hint 2: Look for algebraic properties, symmetry, or geometric theorems to simplify. => 4n2 – 5n + 16 – m2 = 0.

Hint 3: Proceed with the final algebraic steps to solve the system. => 8n solve for the final value  16m 2 – 231.

Solution

Step 1:  m2 = 4n2 – 5n + 16

Step 2: => 4n2 – 5n + 16 – m2 = 0

Step 3: => 8n = 5  16m 2 – 231

Step 4: Let D2 = 16m2 – 231 and D > 0

Step 5: => (4m + D) (4m – D) = 231 = 7 × 11 × 13

Step 6: 4m + D = 231 and 4m – D = 1

Step 7: then = 29 and D = 115, = 15

Step 8: => |m – n| = 14

Step 9: 4m + D = 77 and 4m – D = 3

Step 10: => = 10, D = 37 and = –4

Step 11: => |m – n| = 14

Step 12: 4m + D = 33 and 4m – D = 7

Step 13: => = 5, D = 13 and = –1

Step 14: => |m – n| = 6

Step 15: 4m + D = 21 and 4m – D = 11

Step 16: => = 4, D = 5 and = 0

Step 17: Hence |m – n| = 4

Step 18: Maximum value of |m – n| = 14

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    2023 IOQM 2023 Q11 - Olympiad Math Olympiad Question | Leminno