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Difficulty: 4/102022 IOQM 2022 (Q6)

Let a, be positive integers satisfying a3 – b3 – ab = 25. Find the largest possible value of a2 + b3.

Guide / Hint

Hint 1: Start by analyzing the initial conditions and setting up the basic equations. a3 – b3 – ab = 25 for = 4 and = 3.

Hint 2: Look for algebraic properties, symmetry, or geometric theorems to simplify. Because for any greater number a3 – b3 – ab > 25.

Hint 3: Proceed with the final algebraic steps to solve the system. To prove this if > b, then a3 – b3 – ab.

Solution

Step 1: a3 – b3 – ab = 25 for = 4 and = 3

Step 2: Because for any greater number a3 – b3 – ab > 25

Step 3: To prove this if > b, then a3 – b3 – ab

Step 4: = (b + t)3 – b3 – b(b + t), > 0

Step 5: = (3t – 1)b2 + (3t2 – t)b + t3 is always greater than 4,

Step 6: then  3

Step 7: So, a2 + b3 = 42 + 33 = 43

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    2022 IOQM 2022 Q6 - Olympiad Math Olympiad Question | Leminno