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Difficulty: 4/102021 IOQM 2021 (Q11)

In how many ways can four married couples sit on a merry-go-round with identical seats such that men and women occupy alternate seats and no husband sits next to his wife?

Guide / Hint

Hint 1: Fix the 4 men first. Since the circular seats are identical, there are ways to seat the men.

Hint 2: For each seating of the men, write the constraints for the women so that no woman is adjacent to her husband.

Hint 3: Use case analysis to show that there are exactly 2 valid seating plans for the women for each arrangement of men.

Solution

We want to seat 4 married couples (4 men, 4 women) on a merry-go-round with 8 identical seats such that men and women occupy alternate seats and no husband sits next to his wife.

Step 1: Fix the seats for the men. Since the seats are circular and identical, we can place the 4 men in alternate seats in ways.

Step 2: Now, label the seats for the women as between the men .
We want to place the 4 women such that no woman sits next to her husband. This is a derangement-type problem on a circle. Through systematic case analysis or by applying the Principle of Inclusion-Exclusion, one can find that for each of the 6 ways to place the men, there are exactly 2 valid ways to place the women.

Step 3: The total number of valid seating arrangements is:

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    2021 IOQM 2021 Q11 - Olympiad Math Olympiad Question | Leminno