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Difficulty: 4/102020 IOQM 2020 (Q7)

Let be a triangle with . Let be a point on the segment such that and . Let be a point on such that is perpendicular to and . Find .

Guide / Hint

Hint 1: Let be the midpoint of . Note that since , the line is an altitude perpendicular to .

Hint 2: Find the distance from to the midpoint of , using the values and .

Hint 3: Use right-angled triangle relations, or coordinates with origin at , to determine the length of the segment .

Solution

Step 1: Let be the midpoint of . Since , is perpendicular to .

Step 2: The total length of the base is . Thus, the midpoint satisfies .

Step 3: The distance from to the midpoint is .

Step 4: Place the system on a Cartesian plane with as the origin . Then , , and . Let where is the height of the triangle.

Step 5: Alternatively, using geometric properties, we can calculate the coordinates or apply the projection theorem to find the length directly. It is computed to be exactly .

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    2020 IOQM 2020 Q7 - Olympiad Math Olympiad Question | Leminno