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Difficulty: 4/102020 IOQM 2020 (Q14)

The product is written as the product of five distinct positive integers. What is the least possible value of the largest of these integers?

Guide / Hint

Hint 1: Find the prime factorization of .

Hint 2: Observe that the prime factors 11 and 13 must belong to some of the five distinct integers. To minimize the largest integer, choose 11 and 13 as two of the elements.

Hint 3: Factor the remaining product into three distinct integers close to . Show that is the optimal choice, giving a maximum of 20.

Solution

Step 1: Find the prime factorization of the product:

Step 2: We want to write as the product of five distinct positive integers such that the largest integer is minimized.

Step 3: Since 13 is a prime factor of , at least one of the five integers must be a multiple of 13. Since we want to minimize the largest element , this multiple of 13 should be as small as possible. The smallest positive integer multiple of 13 is 13 itself.
Similarly, 11 is a prime factor, so one of the integers must be a multiple of 11. The smallest multiple is 11 itself.

Step 4: Let's set two of our integers to be and . The remaining product is:

We need to factor into three distinct positive integers such that is minimized and all five integers are distinct.

Step 5: To minimize , the three integers should be as close to each other as possible, which means they should be close to .
Let's test close integers:

  • Try . The product is . The five integers are . These are all distinct! The largest is .

Step 6: Can we get a largest integer smaller than 20? Let's check if the largest can be 19 or 18. If the largest is , since and are in the set, the remaining three must be distinct integers from . Their product must be 1500. But the maximum product of three distinct integers excluding is , so it is possible in theory, but we must form 1500. Through systematic checking, no three distinct integers multiply to 1500. Thus, 20 is the absolute minimum.

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    2020 IOQM 2020 Q14 - Olympiad Math Olympiad Question | Leminno