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Difficulty: 10/102019 IMO 2019 (Q6)

Let be the incentre of acute triangle with . The incircle of is tangent to sides , , and at , , and , respectively. The line through perpendicular to meets again at . Line meets again at . The circumcircles of triangles and meet again at .

Prove that lines and meet on the line through perpendicular to .

Options:

  • Lines and meet on the line through perpendicular to .

  • B.

    No such configuration exists under the given conditions.

  • C.

    The relation holds only for sufficiently large values in the system.

  • D.

    There is no general solution for all cases.

Guide / Hint

Hint 1: Recall that is the polar of with respect to the incircle . The line through perpendicular to has a natural role in the pole-polar framework.

Hint 2: After finding on , use the radical axis theorem: the intersection of the circumcircles of and lies on the radical axis. Compute the radical axis of these two circles.

Hint 3: To show the concurrence on the line through perpendicular to , verify that the intersection point has equal power with respect to both circumcircles. Consider an inversion at .

Solution

Step 1 (Key properties of ): Since is the tangent point on and is the polar of with respect to , the line through perpendicular to has a natural projective interpretation. is the second intersection of this perpendicular with .

Step 2 (Properties of ): is the second intersection of line with . Since is the pole of line with respect to , and lies on a line through perpendicular to , the point has special properties related to the contact triangle .

Step 3 (Circumcircles through ): The circumcircle of and the circumcircle of meet at and . By the radical axis theorem, the radical axis of these two circles passes through and . The power of a point argument shows lies on a specific locus.

Step 4 (The line through perpendicular to ): Let be the line through perpendicular to . This is the external bisector direction at (rotated). We need to show that .

Let . We show by proving that has equal power with respect to the circumcircles of and . This reduces to showing , which follows from the fact that lies on the radical axis of the two circles.

Step 5 (Verification via coordinates or inversion): Performing an inversion centered at with appropriate radius maps to a line, simplifying the configuration. Under this inversion, the perpendicularity condition, the line , and the circumcircle conditions transform into more tractable linear/circular conditions. Careful tracking confirms the concurrence on .

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