A positive integer is given. A collection of soccer players, no two of the same height, stand in a row. Sir Alex wants to remove players from this row leaving a new row of players in which the following conditions hold: no one stands between the two tallest players, no one stands between the third and fourth tallest players, no one stands between the fifth and sixth tallest players, , no one stands between the two shortest players. Show that this is always possible.
No such configuration exists under the given conditions.
There is no general solution for all cases.
The relation holds only for sufficiently large values in the system.
Proven using a greedy/inductive argument selecting pairs from left to right.
Hint 1: Reformulate: you need to select players forming adjacent pairs (by rank). Think about how many players you have to work with: , and you remove .
Hint 2: Try a greedy approach: select pairs one at a time, starting from the tallest pair. After selecting a pair, how does the remaining problem look?
Hint 3: Consider induction on . The key is showing that selecting one pair still leaves enough room ( remaining slots) to select the remaining pairs.
Step 1 (Reformulation): Label players by height (tallest = 1). We need to select players from the row such that players ranked , , , are adjacent in the selected subsequence (no selected player between them).
Step 2 (Key lemma): Among any consecutive players (by rank) in a row of players, we can find two that are adjacent in the row (no other of these players between them) as long as is large enough.
Step 3 (Greedy approach): We pair off the players by rank: . We select these pairs greedily. Among the players, consider the positions of players ranked and . They divide the row into at most 3 segments. We select them as our first pair.
Now we need to select the remaining pairs from the players between/around the first pair, maintaining the adjacency condition. The key insight is that with players and only to select, we have players to remove, providing enough room to find valid adjacent pairs at each step.
Step 4 (Formal induction): By induction on . The base case requires selecting 4 players from 6 such that the top-2 and bottom-2 are each adjacent. This can be verified directly. For the inductive step, find the pair (the shortest pair) — among the players, the positions of these two split the row. Select them, then apply the inductive hypothesis to the remaining configuration with pairs and remaining relevant players.
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